Organic and Slow-Release Fertilizer Substitution Strategies Improved the Sustainability of Pineapple Production Systems in the Tropics

The partial substitution of chemical nitrogen fertilizers with organic fertilizer and slow-release could improve pineapple yield use efficiency (NUE) decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the effect strategies on carbon footprint (CF), (NF) net ecosystem economic benefits (NEEB) from fields in tropics remains largely unclear. Therefore, we conducted a long-term field trial (2017–2021) for first time five fertilization (CK: no fertilizer; F: conventional fertilization(nitrogen (N) 817 kg ha−1, phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) 336 potassium oxide (K2O) 945 ha−1); RF: reduction 41.7% N, 72.0% P2O5 33.1% K2O an F basis; RFO: replacement 20% N input RF RFOS: 15% RFO basis) to identify fruit yield, NUE, CF, NF NEEB tropics. results showed that comparison treatment, RF, RFOS treatments improved (7.6%, 12.4% 26.3%, respectively), NUE (66.4%, 75.5% 87.7%, respectively, p < 0.05) factor productivity (PFPN) (84.8%, 92.8% 116.7%, 0.05). Additionally, all treatments, treatment had highest (87.8 t ha−1). leaching (50.1–69.1%) ammonia volatilization (21.6–26.2%) were two primary routes reactive (Nr) loss. soils (36.8–45.7%) production transportation (21.2–29.5%) dominated GHG Compared decreases Nr losses, NF, emissions CF 36.6–41.1%, 43.3–51.9%, 19.0–29.1% 24.5–41.7%, respectively. Of lowest (191.8 CO2eq ha−1 season) (1.9 t−1 season). by 13.0–39.9% over treatment. (54,880 USD ha−1) resulted treatments. inorganic is effective method achieving sustainable production. process further reducing farmland losses addition still need attention terms